What are the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves?

[MitchelMcA]

I’m studying waves and want to understand how transverse waves differ from longitudinal waves in terms of movement and examples. Can someone explain clearly?

 

[DeeReich70]

Transverse and longitudinal waves differ in particle motion and structure. In transverse waves, particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave’s direction, forming crests and troughs (e.g., light, water waves). In longitudinal waves, particles vibrate parallel to the wave’s direction, creating compressions and rarefactions (e.g., sound waves, seismic P-waves, slinky motion).

 

[Gsusangrey]

Particle motion in relation to wave direction is the primary distinction. Particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave in a transverse wave, such as ripples in water or light. Particles oscillate parallel to the wave's path in a longitudinal wave, which produces rarefactions and compressions.

 

[danisjohn]

Transverse waves move particles perpendicular to the wave’s direction, like light or water waves. Longitudinal waves move particles parallel to the wave’s direction, like sound waves. Transverse waves have crests and troughs, while longitudinal waves have compressions and rarefactions.