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During the G₁ phase, the cell grows, produces proteins, and synthesizes organelles needed for normal functions while preparing for DNA replication. During the G₂ phase, the cell continues to grow, produces proteins required for mitosis, and checks for DNA errors to ensure readiness for cell...

Sure! Here’s a list of common tone words, grouped by general feeling or attitude: Positive tones: Optimistic Joyful Encouraging Compassionate Enthusiastic Proud Hopeful Negative tones: Angry Bitter Cynical Disappointed Gloomy Hostile Pessimistic Neutral or objective tones: Serious...

To determine the correct Lewis structure for a molecule, follow these steps: Count total valence electrons for all atoms in the molecule. Determine the central atom (usually the least electronegative, except hydrogen). Draw single bonds between the central atom and surrounding atoms. Distribute...

Purines and pyrimidines are two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Purines have a double-ring structure and include adenine (A) and guanine (G). Pyrimidines have a single-ring structure and include cytosine (C), thymine (T) (in DNA), and uracil (U) (in RNA). In...

During the S-phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle, the cell replicates its DNA, creating an identical copy of each chromosome. This ensures that when the cell later divides during mitosis or meiosis, each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

Here’s a clear comparison of transcription and translation: FeatureTranscriptionTranslation DefinitionThe process of copying DNA into mRNA.The process of synthesizing a protein from mRNA. LocationNucleus (in eukaryotes)Cytoplasm, at the ribosome TemplateDNAmRNA ProductmRNA...

You can identify an author’s tone by analyzing the words, sentence structure, and imagery they use. Look for emotion-laden language, figurative expressions, and the author’s attitude toward the subject or audience. Consider whether the tone feels serious, humorous, sarcastic, formal, or...

Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that could form from given reactants, calculated using stoichiometry and assuming perfect reaction conditions. Percent yield measures the efficiency of a reaction by comparing the actual yield obtained experimentally to the theoretical yield...

Transverse and longitudinal waves differ in particle motion and structure. In transverse waves, particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave’s direction, forming crests and troughs (e.g., light, water waves). In longitudinal waves, particles vibrate parallel to the wave’s direction, creating...

The purpose of mitosis is to produce two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell. It enables growth, tissue repair, and replacement of damaged or dead cells, ensuring that each new cell maintains the same DNA as the original cell.